Refer infographics: Start from “Introduction” and proceed anticlockwise.
- Terms
- Worksheets
- Notes
- Videos
- Formulae
- Unit test question paper
- Key to Unit test
- NEET / JEE MCQ Test
Terms
Semiconductors, Band Theory, Conduction Band, Valence Band, Energy Band Gap, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductor, Doping, n-type Semiconductor, p-type Semiconductor, Depletion Region, p-n Junction, barrier potential, Semiconductor diode representation, Diode, Zener Diode, Photodiode, Light Emitting Diode (LED), Solar Cell, Rectifier, Dynamic Resistance, Carrier Concentration, Saturation Current, Threshold Voltage, Forward Bias, Reverse Bias, Minority Carriers, Majority Carriers, Electron-Hole Pair, Recombination, Generation, Breakdown Voltage, Load Current, Voltage Regulation, Logic Gates, Analog Signals, Digital Signals.
Notes
1. Introduction
– Transition from vacuum tubes to semiconductor devices.
– Advantages of semiconductors over vacuum tubes.
– Early discoveries in solid-state electronics.
– Conductors, semiconductors, and insulators (based on conductivity).
– Elemental and compound semiconductors.
– Energy band theory and band gap explanation.
3. Intrinsic Semiconductors
– Diamond-like lattice structure of Si and Ge.
– Covalent bonding and thermal ionization.
– Carrier generation: electrons and holes.
4. Extrinsic Semiconductors
– Doping: n-type and p-type semiconductors.
– Donor and acceptor impurities.
– Majority and minority carriers.
5. p-n Junction
– Formation of a depletion region.
– Diffusion and drift currents.
6. Semiconductor Diode
– Forward bias and reverse bias characteristics.
– Minority carrier injection.
– V-I characteristics and threshold voltage.
7. Applications of Diodes
8. Special Purpose Diodes
– Zener diode:
– Characteristics.
– Voltage regulation.
– Optoelectronic devices:
– Photodiodes.
– LEDs.
– Solar cells.
9. Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
– Analog vs. Digital signals.
– Basic logic gates: NOT, OR, AND, NAND, NOR.
– Truth tables and applications.
