| Term | Definition |
| Recombinant-DNA Technology | The process of combining DNA from two different species to create new genetic combinations. |
| Gene-Cloning | The process of creating multiple copies of a specific gene or DNA sequence. |
| DNA-Fingerprinting | A technique used to identify individuals based on unique DNA patterns. |
| Genetically-Modified Organisms (GMOs) | Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. |
| Bt-Crops | Genetically modified crops that express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin for pest resistance. |
| Golden-Rice | A genetically engineered rice variety enriched with Vitamin A precursors. |
| Bio-Remediation | The use of living organisms to clean up environmental pollutants. |
| Bio-Fuels | Renewable energy sources derived from biological materials like plants and microorganisms. |
| Polymerase-Chain Reaction (PCR) | A technique to amplify DNA sequences exponentially in vitro. |
| Gene-Therapy | The treatment of diseases by introducing, altering, or removing genes within an individual’s cells. |
| Therapeutic-Proteins | Proteins engineered in the lab for medical treatments, such as insulin. |
| Restriction-Enzymes | Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in genetic engineering. |
| Cloning-Vectors | DNA molecules used to transport foreign genetic material into host cells. |
| Microbial-Biotechnology | The use of microorganisms for industrial processes like fermentation. |
| Biodegradable-Plastics | Plastics derived from renewable sources that decompose naturally. |
| Transgenic-Plants | Plants genetically engineered to express desired traits. |
| Transgenic-Animals | Animals with altered genomes to express foreign genes. |
| Bio-Reactors | Large vessels used to grow microorganisms or cells for biotechnological applications. |
| Human-Genome Project (HGP) | An international project to map and understand all human genes. |
| Stem-Cell Therapy | The use of stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues. |
| Bioinformatics-Tools | Software and computational techniques used to analyze biological data. |
| Monoclonal-Antibodies | Antibodies produced from a single clone of cells for medical use. |
| Ethical-Concerns | Issues related to the moral implications of biotechnology advancements. |
| Intellectual-Property Rights (IPR) | Legal protections for creations and inventions in biotechnology. |
| Bio-Fertilizers | Microbial solutions that enhance soil fertility and plant growth. |
| Anti-Sense Technology | A method to block gene expression by using complementary RNA strands. |
| Bio-Pesticides | Biologically derived agents used to control pests. |
| Cry-Proteins | Proteins produced by Bt bacteria that are toxic to insect pests. |
| ELISA-Test | A diagnostic test used to detect specific antigens or antibodies in a sample. |
| Hybridoma-Technology | A method to produce large quantities of monoclonal antibodies. |
