Pigment–Binder Ratio (P/B)
Balance hiding power vs. mechanical strength.
P/B = Pigment weight ÷ Binder solids.
Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC)
Multi-component pigments + binders. Volumes = weight / density.
PVC (%) = Vpig / (Vpig + Vbinder) × 100.
CPVC Estimator (Oil Absorption method)
Quick estimate using oil absorption and binder density. For mixed pigments, use a weighted average OA.
Formula used: CPVC ≈ (OA × ρb) / (OA × ρb + 1) × 100. Approximate only.
Gloss & Porosity Predictor
Qualitative prediction from PVC vs CPVC.
Rules of thumb: PVC ≪ CPVC → higher gloss/low porosity; near CPVC → matte onset; > CPVC → porous/chalky risk.