SaitechAI Target Practice - Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Halides

Reference Table 6.4: Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Halides

General reaction: R–X + Nu⁻ → R–Nu + X⁻

Reagent	Nucleophile (Nu⁻)	Substitution Product (R–Nu)	Class of Main Product
NaOH (KOH)	HO⁻	ROH	Alcohol
H₂O	H₂O	ROH	Alcohol
NaOR′	R′O⁻	ROR′	Ether
NaI	I⁻	R–I	Alkyl iodide
NH₃	NH₃	RNH₂	Primary amine
R′NH₂	R′NH₂	RNHR′	Secondary amine
R′R″NH	R′R″NH	RNR′R″	Tertiary amine
KCN	C≡N:⁻	RCN	Nitrile (cyanide)
AgCN	Ag–CN:	RNC	Isocyanide
KNO₂	O–N=O⁻	R–O–N=O	Alkyl nitrite
AgNO₂	Ag–O–N=O	R–NO₂	Nitroalkane
R′COOAg	R′COO⁻	R′COOR	Ester
LiAlH₄	H⁻	RH	Hydrocarbon
R′–M⁺	R′⁻	RR′	Alkane

Name

Class

Subject

Topic

Date

Timing

Total Questions: 10

Marks per Question: 2

Total Marks: 20

Start Time:

Q1. What is the general reaction represented in nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides?

2 Marks

Key: R–X + Nu⁻ → R–Nu + X⁻. In this reaction, the nucleophile replaces the halogen atom attached to carbon.

Q2. What product is formed when an alkyl halide reacts with aqueous NaOH or KOH?

2 Marks

Key: Alcohol (ROH) is formed. The nucleophile is OH⁻.

Q3. Name the product obtained when alkyl halide reacts with NaOR′.

2 Marks

Key: Ether (ROR′) is formed. The nucleophile is alkoxide ion, R′O⁻.

Q4. Why does NaI convert an alkyl halide into alkyl iodide?

2 Marks

Key: Iodide ion (I⁻) acts as the nucleophile and substitutes the halogen atom in R–X to form R–I.

Q5. What is the difference in products formed with KCN and AgCN?

2 Marks

Key: KCN gives nitrile (RCN), while AgCN gives isocyanide (RNC). This is due to the different attacking sites of the cyanide group.

Q6. What product is formed when alkyl halide reacts with NH₃?

2 Marks

Key: Primary amine (RNH₂) is formed.

Q7. How can a tertiary amine be prepared from an alkyl halide according to the table?

2 Marks

Key: React the alkyl halide with a secondary amine, R′R″NH. The product formed is tertiary amine, RNR′R″.

Q8. What is formed when alkyl halide reacts with AgNO₂, and how is it different from KNO₂?

2 Marks

Key: AgNO₂ gives nitroalkane (R–NO₂), while KNO₂ gives alkyl nitrite (R–O–N=O).

Q9. What is the product when an alkyl halide reacts with LiAlH₄?

2 Marks

Key: Hydrocarbon (RH) is formed because hydride ion replaces the halogen atom.

Q10. What type of compound is formed when an alkyl halide reacts with R′COOAg?

2 Marks

Key: Ester is formed. The product is R′COOR.