Q1. Define isomerism. Give one example.
Two/more compounds with same MF but different structure. Example: butanol & isobutanol.
Q2. What is chain isomerism? Provide an example for C5H12.
Different carbon skeletons. Example: n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane.
Q3. Write any two functional isomer pairs.
Alcohol–ether (C₂H₆O), aldehyde–ketone (C₃H₆O).
Q4. What is geometrical isomerism? When does it occur?
Restricted rotation around C=C or cyclic systems → cis/trans or E/Z.
Q5. What is a chiral carbon? Give one example.
C attached to 4 different groups. Example: lactic acid.
Q6. State difference between enantiomers and diastereomers.
Enantiomers → mirror images. Diastereomers → not mirror images.
Q7. Explain tautomerism with an example.
Dynamic equilibrium between keto-enol forms. Example: acetylacetone.
Q8. Which conformer of ethane is more stable? Why?
Staggered → minimum torsional strain.
Q9. Write one difference between resonance and tautomerism.
Resonance: no atom movement. Tautomerism: atoms shift (H shifts).
Q10. Identify the type of isomerism between maleic acid and fumaric acid.
Geometrical isomerism (cis–trans).