SaitechAI Worksheet

Lecture Notes

1. Concave Mirror: A spherical mirror with reflecting surface curved inward.

2. Convex Mirror: A spherical mirror with reflecting surface bulged outward.

Image Formation by Mirrors

Mirror	Position of Object	Position of Image	Nature of Image
Concave	At infinity	At focus	Real, inverted, highly diminished
Concave	Beyond C	Between C and F	Real, inverted, diminished
Concave	At C	At C	Real, inverted, same size
Concave	Between C and F	Beyond C	Real, inverted, magnified
Concave	Between F and P	Behind mirror	Virtual, erect, magnified
Convex	At infinity	At focus	Virtual, erect, highly diminished
Convex	Far from mirror	Between pole and focus	Virtual, erect, diminished

Cartesian Conventions

1. All distances measured from pole or optical centre.
2. Distances measured in direction of incident ray are positive.
3. Distances measured opposite to incident ray are negative.
4. Above principal axis are positive; below are negative.

Uses of Mirrors

• Concave mirrors: Used in headlights, solar cookers, dentist mirrors.
• Convex mirrors: Used in vehicle rear-view mirrors for wide field of view.
• Spherical Aberration: Failure of rays to converge at a single point due to large aperture.

Worksheet Section

Student Name:

Class:

Date:

Q1. Draw ray diagrams for image formation by concave mirror in all five positions.

Q2. Draw ray diagrams for convex mirror and label F, C, and P.

Q3. Explain the Cartesian sign conventions with a neat sketch.

Q4. Differentiate between real and virtual images with examples.

Q5. Explain the uses of concave and convex mirrors in daily life.

Q6. What is spherical aberration? How can it be minimized?